Neva's Apple Variety Descriptions

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AKANE (Prime Red, Tokyo Rose)
Jonathan x Worcester Pearmain.   Round, bright red fruit with hard, crisp, juicy, white flesh. Tart, sprightly flavor resembling Jonathan. Outstanding red dessert apple. Good for drying. Hangs well on tree; better keeper than most Fall varieties. Tree is precocious, medium productive and Winter hardy. Leaves have yellow tinge. Thin well to good size. Introduced in 1970 by Tohoku Agricultural Experiment station. Ripens late August to early September.

ALKMENE  
A Cox-Cross from Belgium. A very good quality eating and multi-purpose apple. Crisp, juicy with an intense distinctive flavor. Fruit is bright red in color. The tree seems compact, almost spur type, productive. Not a keeper, ripens in mid September. Hangs well on the tree, excellent home orchard apple.

ARKANSAS BLACK
Extremely beautiful, medium size, smooth, round, dark purplish red fruits turn nearly black at maturity. Waxy skin. Crisp, juicy, very firm, yellow flesh. Distinctive aromatic flavor lends itself well to cider blending. Very good quality, use for fresh eating or cooking. Excellent keeper; mellows in storage. Resistant to cedar rust. Ripens in late October or November. Originated in Benton County, Arkansas around 1870. Probably a seedling of Winesap.

AROMA
Sweden; raised 1945 at Balsgard Fruit Breeding Inst.   Ingrid Marie X Filippa - introduced in 1973. At best, good, rich, fruity flavor; melting, very juicy, cream flesh. Can be weakly flavored. Skin predominately red flushed, smooth. Sweet dessert variety. Late season, ripens early October. Tree moderately vigorous.

BAILEY SWEET
This is a very beautiful apple, distinctly sweet and of very good quality, but not a very good keeper. Fruit above medium. Skin tender, clear bright yellow largely covered with deep red. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately juicy, decidedly sweet, agreeable in flavor, very good in quality. Season October to January.

BARRY
A 1957 Geneva, N.Y introduction, McIntosh x Cox Orange Pippin. Medium to large fruit with an intense solid dark red skin. Flavor is good to very good for dessert and culinary purposes. Lasts 3 months in storage, matures 3 weeks before McIntosh and is a slow grower. Ripens in Fall.

BELLE DE BOSKOOP
A bud sport of Reinette de Montfort.   Large, greenish yellow fruit with dark red blush.   Rough skin with crisp, tangy, highly aromatic flesh.   Outstanding for dessert, cooking and baking.  Sweetens in storage.   Excellent keeper.   Needs a pollinator.   Ripens late to very late.   Named after a small community in Holland where it originated in 1856.   A favorite in England.

BERNE ROSE (BERNER ROSEN)
Origin in Switzerland, 1888. Irregularly shaped flattish apple. Reddish-yellow in color with greenish-yellow dots. Very pretty, flushed in deep red. Flesh sweet & juicy. Oxidizes rapidly when cut. Good keeper. A very dependable annual heavy bearer. Ripens early October. Tree is moderately vigorous, natural spur type.

BILLIE BOUND
A sweet, pleasant, lightly russeted apple of medium size to small.   The fruit is blocky shape, uniform and scab free. The tree is large and spreading with a biennial bearing habit. Ripens Oct. 15 and keeps till March.

BISBEE-RED DELICIOUS
Brilliant red, large regal-shaped fruits grow 3-4 inches in diameter on heaving yielding trees. Firm, crisp, juicy flesh. Distinctive sweet tangy flavor. Keeps well for extended period if stored under cool conditions.   Small compact tree. Requires spreading to induce early bearing. Should be vigorously thinned for top quality. Ripens 6-12 days earlier than other red strains. Ripens in late September.

BISMARK
Resembles Alexander in size and general appearance. Fruits large, attractive in color, suitable for kitchen and market purposes but inferior for dessert.   Tree is dwarfish, healthy and very hardy and productive. Ripens mid season.

BLACK AMISH
A regional, almost unknown antique with a dark purple coat from Eastern Kentucky. ripens three weeks after Red Delicious. A good keeper.

BLACK GILLIFLOWER (BLACK SHEEPNOSE)
This fine variety was grown in Connecticut as early as the 18th century. Very uniform in shape and size. Large, oblong, conical ribbed fruit. Dark red deepening to almost black.   Greenish white flesh. Rich, mild, sweet flavor. distinctive aroma. Real good dessert apple, prized for baking and dessert. Vigorous, healthy and fruitful tree. Hangs long on the tree but must not be allowed to over ripen as flesh soon becomes dry. Ripens in Sept. or Oct. depending on location.

BLACKJON
A Jonathan type found in 1929 in Wenatachee, WA by A.T. Gossman. Introducedin 1931. A brighter red than Jonathan.

BLENHEIM ORANGE
Originated in England. Into London nurseries about the year 1818. Fruit large to very large, shape flat-round. Color yellow, more or less washed and striped with red. Attractive in appearance and of excellent quality. Ripens mid-season. Flesh crisp, yellow; flavor subacid, sweet characteristic nutty flavor. Quite sweet, crumbly texture, good with cheese. It is a dual-purpose triploid apple with vigorous growth. A shy bearer when young but improves with age. Mid to late season.

BLUSHING GOLDEN
Fruit has orange-red blush and is russet free. Waxy yellow skin is bruise resistant and will not shrivel even in storage. Strong, early producer. Remarkably disease resistant. Requires much annual thinning to obtain desired fruit quality.   A full rich flavor that develops in storage. (4 weeks min.). Ripens in mid October.

BONNIE BEST
An apple discovered in Cooksville, Wisconsin, where it has been used for prize winning pies for many years. Possibly a cross of Secor and Wolf River.   An excellent apple for pies, canning, and fresh use. Fruits are large with attractive pale red striping. Flesh is creamy color, crunchy, tender, juicy and slightly tart. Keeps well in storage. Ripens about the first week in October. Trees are hardy with sturdy wide angled limbs that resist breaking. Resistant to fire blight.

BOTTLE GREENING
Much esteemed by many because the tree is healthy, hardy and productive and the fruit is excellent for culinary use and good for dessert. It is rather attractive in color for an apple of the Greening class. Tree medium size. Fruit medium to large. Skin thin, tough, grass-green or yellowish, thinly washed or deeply blushed with dull pinkish crimson. Flesh white, aromatic, subacid, good to very good. Season October to March or later.

BRAEBURN
A new late season apple from New Zealand. Possibly an open pollinated seedling of Lady Hamilton. Fruit is medium to large, red striped with a red blush on a yellow background. The flesh is pale, cream colored, crisp and juicy. The fruit hangs well, comes into bearing early and is a heavy producer. Has a tendency toward biennial bearing unless thinned. Excellent for fresh eating, bakes well and makes an excellent sauce that requires little or no sugar. Excellent keeping qualities. Ripens late.

BRITEMAC
The very best McIntosh type. Large and attractive, brightly colored and the best for eating. Sweet, juicy, crisp, white flesh. A (Melba, McIntosh) x (Kildare, Langford Beauty) cross introduced in 1964. It is very hardy, moderately vigorous. Season same as McIntosh. Pick mid season, late September.

BROCK
A Golden X Mac cross from Maine where it has proven to be an excellent commercial type. Fruit is large and pinkish red over cream in color. Flavor is mildly sweet but distinctive. Ripens just after Delicious with excellent storage ability. Tree is very vigorous and spreading. A proven northern variety, needs testing in zones 6 & 7.

BROWN SWEET
Described in Apples of New York as an excellent apple for baking or boiling. Fruits large ovate to oblong conic. Often narrow sharply towards the apex, sometimes ribbed and irregular. Skin moderately thick, tough, green or yellow, sometimes with red cheek and often russetted.   Flesh is tinged with yellow, fine and rather tender. Juicy, very sweet, good to very good. Season September to mid winter.

BUCKINGHAM
Also called Queen or Fall Queen. It's origin is unknown but was mentioned by Coxe in 1817. A large southern apple with a low chill requirements.   Pale yellow flushed and mottled with red, and striped and blushed with bright carmine. The surface is covered with white dots. In shape it is oblate and somewhat irregular.   The skin is tough and thick and the flesh juicy, yellow, crisp and sprightly subacid. It has a small core and a short stalk.   The tree is a moderately twiggy grower that bears full crops annually. It is slightly subject to fireblight but has no major apple diseases. Ripens in Sept.

BUFF
Is also called Granny Buff. It originated in North Carolina on the Buff farm. It was recorded in 1854 and was popular with the Cherokee Indians. Large in size, the shape is flat, rectangular, convex and it is ribbed at the eye and prominently on the body. The greenish white flesh is fine-grained, crisp and sweet in flavor. The vigorous and upright growing tree is a heavy producer. It ripens in late September and early October.

BURGUNDY
A Monroe/Macoun x Antonovka cross. Fruit is large, round, very intense pigment, almost blackish red. Solid blush without stripes. Skin is smooth and glossy. Flesh crisp, sub-acid, very good eating quality. Fruits hang well for 3 weeks after harvest ripe. Storage life is short, no more than a month. Ripens in New York in September. Susceptible to Cedar-Apple Rust.

CAMEO (CAROUSEL)
Formerly known as Carousel. One of the most promising, most publicized new apple varieties to hit the market. Originated as a chance seedling in a block of Red and Golden Delicious. A hardy and vigorous tree, it appears to have standard growth characteristics although it can be quite spurry.   Fruit is medium to large size with a crisp, creamy white flesh and a tangy flavor that seems to get better in storage. Keeps very well.

CAMPFIELD
A cider apple, size is middling, the skin is smooth and red, with small indistinct yellow spots. The side away from the sun is greenish yellow. The flesh is white, firm, sweet and rich.   Form is round, flattened and somewhat sunk at the ends. Tree growth is vigorous.

CHEDDAR CROSS
A cross of Allington Pippin and Star of Devon raised in 1916 in England, introduced in 1949. Medium in size it is flat to intermediate, rectangular to truncate in shape and indistinctly ribbed at the eye and on the body. The skin is green and covered with russet. The creamy white finely textured flesh is subacid to slightly sweet in flavor. Savory with mellow acidity; crisp, juicy. Primarily dessert. It is resistant to scab and spurs freely. The tree growth is very dense, moderately vigorous. Ripens in September.

CHEHALIS
Discovered in 1955 near Chehalis river, Oakville, WA. Introduced in 1965. Probably a Golden Delicious Seedling. Large greenish yellow apple, usually with a pink blush on exposed side. Resembles Golden Delicious in looks and flavor but larger, crisper and more elongated.   Crisp, cream colored flesh. Medium-fine texture. Sweet, slightly honeyed, juicy dessert apple.   Also a good baking apple. Bears a good crop. Moderately vigorous tree is self pollinating. Highly scab resistant: Somewhat mildew resistant. Excellent apple for organic growers who like a big sweet, yellow apple. Ripens late Sept. to mid-Oct.

CHIEFTAIN
Raised in 1917 by S.A. Beach, Iowa Experiment Station in Ames. Johnathan X Delicious introduced in 1966. Fruits are medium in size, round, and bright red. Flesh firm, juicy, white. Flavor subacid, milder than Johnathan but more sprightly than Delicious. Dual purpose, high quality. Keeps well.   Tree is vigorous, hardy and productive. Ripens in early Oct.

CHERRY COXb
Sport of Cox Orange Pippin form Denmark. Often shows dark red stripes and splashes of the solid red fruit. Keeps in storage one month longer than others of it's type. Midseason ripening.

CHESTNUT
Large cooking and dessert crab apple.  Attractive, reddish bronze fruit.   Crisp, juicy sweet flesh with a pleasing nut-like flavor.   Ripens over a long period. Resistant to cedar rust.

CLAYGATE PEARMAIN
A fine old English winter apple found growing in a hedge in the hamlet Claygate in Surrey before 1820. Good sized, brown russeted with beautiful splashes of crimson in the sun, with crisp, juicy, yellowish flesh of a rich sugary flavor like the Ribston Pippin.   An excellent bearer and a good keeper. This variety seems to increase in stature each year. Bunyard put it in his list of "best dozen dessert apples". Ripens late.

COLE'S QUINCE
Large, ribbed, yellow fruit. Firm, juicy flesh. Mild rich, high quince flavor and aroma. Ripens in August. Old Maine apple. Introduced in 1849.

CONNELL RED
A bud mutation of Fireside. Very productive, very hardy, large dark red high quality dessert apple. Fireside is one of the best hardy apples.   Connell Red is a gorgeous Fireside type. A good late keeping apple for northern areas.

CO-OP 25
From the scab-resistant breeding program of Purdue, this is one of the highest quality and most productive varieties. Fruit is round-conic, full blushed red, sweet and juicy.   Can be harvested one week before Red Delicious or mid-September in NY. However, it hangs extremely well to the tree and sugars increase greatly until early October. It is susceptible to fire blight.

CORNISH GILLIFLOWER
Found in 1800 growing in a cottage garden in Truro, Cornwall. Fruit is an ugly duckling, usually a dull green with some dull brownish red and webbed with thin rough russet. Only in a rare year do a few develop clear dark red. Medium to large in size, round, conical shape, tapering at the nose to a 5-pointed base. It has always been considered a hight quality dessert apple, possessing a sweet, rich flavor. Intensely flavored, rich and aromatic. Tree is moderately vigorous, very spreading and a tip bearer. Mauve buds with a particularly attractive blossom. Crop is light and it needs a warm spot. Ripens in October.

CORTLAND
McIntosh X Ben Davis. Widely grown all purpose McIntosh type. One of the standards. Larger fruit with dark red skin underlaid with stripes. Crisp pure white flesh resists browning when cut. Tart tangy flavor. Dessert quality. Excellent for eating out of hand, cooking, and cider.   Vigorous long lived tree is annually productive and starts bearing early. Excellent pollinator. Developed by New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 1898. Ripens 2-3 weeks before McIntosh. Does not drop as readily as McIntosh. Ripens mid September to early October.

CRITERION
Cross between Red Delicious and Yellow Delicious and Winter Banana.   Red Delicious shape, Yellow Delicious character. Yellowish green skin with a beautiful distinctive reddish pink blush. Mildly sweet flesh. Good for fresh eating, cooking, freezing, drying. Excellent keeper. Heavy producer and very hardy. Ripens mid October.

DAVEY
A seedling of McIntosh discovered in 1928 & introduced in 1950.   Highly colored, bright red, distinctly flavored, of Baldwin texture and keeping qualities. Good, brisk taste, hint of strawberry flavor, crisp and juicy. Resistant to scab. Awarded a first-class certificate by the Massachussets Horticultural Society. Ripens late September. Dessert quality. Tree of low vigor, but good cropper.

DAYTON
A new disease resistant variety of good quality. Fruit is medium-large, full red and sweet. Tree is vigorous and very annual in production. It appears to possess good resistance to all major apple diseases. Proven in zones 5 & 6. Ripens 3 to 4 weeks prior to Delicious. Late August.

DELCON
A tasty offspring of a cross of the popular Delicious, Jonathan and Ben Davis. Full sized, dark red fruits shaped like a Delicious. Sweet, crisp, juicy, white flesh. Good fresh and for pies. Keeps into the winter.   Tree is a natural semi-dwarf. Rarely needs pruning. Bred for its resistance to fireblight. Bears enormous yields of big, juicy fruits. Ripens late Sept. to Oct. depending on location.

DETROIT RED
An apple that originated in North Georgia. Classic deep red apple.   Soft, snow white flesh. Curious ridges about the calyx. North Georgia favorite for sauce. Bears young and annually. Some disease resistance. Tree is heavily spurred. Bears young and bears heavy crops annually. Ripens late July to early August.

DISCOVERY
Medium size, brilliant red-striped fruit, yellow background. Crisp, juicy flesh, often pink stained; excellent flavor with a hint of strawberry. Round, slightly flattened. Early season eating and market apple. Good for fresh eating or sauce. Not a keeper. Fruit tends to crack. Hardy compact tree is a natural semi-dwarf. It is a spur and tip bearer. It is rather slow to come into bearing. Some resistance to scab. Originated in England around 1900. Ripens mid-August depending on location

DOCTOR MATHEWS
An Indiana apple of unknown origin, still a local favorite wherever grown. Red and red-striped skin with fine crisp, juicy, creamy flesh. It has a mild but sprightly aromatic flavor. An excellent keeper.

DULCET
Discovered in the L. James Bailey orchard near Wenatchee, WA. as a chance seedling of unknown parentage. It is a deep red apple with a faint stripe and pronounced lenticels. Flesh of the Dulcet is white, crisp and enhanced with a mild, sweet flavor that is very aromatic. Appears to be quite hardy.

EARLIBLAZE
These semi-tart apples are crisp with just the right mixture of sweetness and zip for fresh off the tree eating. Smooth striped skin is cherry red and very attractive. A strong tree and a heavy bearer of 3" apples. Ripens in late August.

EARLY STRAWBERRY
An early American apple known in New York City around 1800 and at one time very popular in New York markets. Small, sprightly, aromatically flavored with solid rich dark red skin and crisp yellowish flesh sometimes streaked with red. Ripens July to August depending on location.

EDDIE APRIL
A large Yellow Delicious spur type with excellent keeping qualities and a firmer flesh than Yellow Delicious and a fine strawberry aroma. Seems to be less prone to usual Yellow Delicious diseases.

EDWARD VII
First recorded in 1902. Imported from England. Introduced in 1908. A cross of Golden Noble and Blenheim Orange. Regarded by some as the finest winter apple for spring pie and sauce. A great cooking apple. Medium to large, shiny green or yellow skin, flesh firm, tart and juicy. Flat-round to round shape. Keeps until Easter when it possesses a rich, sweet flavor. Tree slow to come into bearing and a moderate cropper. Tree upright, hardy and scab resistant. Ripens late.

EGREMONT RUSSET
Originated in England but history unknown. Introduced in 1880. Prized as the most delicious of the English russets. Small, round, golden brown russet fruit often with black spots or markings.   Greenish-yellow, richly flavored, very distinctive flesh, often described as nutty. Almost smoky, tannic quality develops after keeping and flesh becomes drier. Size medium, shape round, very high quality. Like all russets, it is a good keeper. Trees have moderate vigor, upright, crop is good and scab resistant. Hardy to -40 degrees. Ripens in October.

ELSTAR
Medium to large, round, yellow fruit with 80% light red stripe. Firm cream colored flesh. Very good for fresh eating and cooking. Flavor increases with about four weeks storage. Appearance and eating quality similar to Jonagold. Developed in Holland. Introduced to the U.S. in 1972. Very popular in Europe. Ripens mid October.

EMPIRE
Developed at Geneva Station and introduced in 1966. McIntosh X Red Delicious. McIntosh type with better flavor and color. Resists bruising. Longer shelf life and keeping ability under refrigeration. Medium size, round, firm, dark, waxy fruit. Creamy white juicy, moderately subacid flesh. High dessert quality also good for cider. Vigorous upright early bearing tree with a strong wide crotch angle. Tendency toward spur type habit. Produces annually. Needs some thinning. Ripens mid September to early October.

EMPRESS
A Jonamac - Vista Bella cross recently released by New York State Fruit Testing. It resembles Empire but ripens a month earlier. Fruit is medium sized, 90% red, with excellent eating quality and the aromatics of Jonamac. Tree habit is round, not vigorous. Blooms with Red Delicious. Ripens in early September. Empress is an annual producer with consistently good yields.  Named in 1966. Introduced in 1988. From New York Fruit Testing, growing on M9 rootstock.

ENTERPRIZE
A new disease resistant variety from Purdue tested as Co-op 30. Fruit is round, medium large, glossy full red color. Flesh is yellow-cream, firm, crisp, or somewhat similar to Idared. Storage ability 4-6 months with a slight increase in flavor intensity. This is spreading and vigorous. Ripens two weeks after Red Delicious or about October 4th. Appears to be resistant to all major apple diseases.

ERWIN BAUER
A good sized seedling of Oldenburg. A late variety, lightly striped red over yellow. It has especially hard and crisp flesh with the high flavor of Cox Orange. Recommended by Fred Jannsen of Toronto who regards it as the best late season apple in his collection of over 500 varieties.

ETTER'S GOLD
Medium to large, greenish yellow fruit ripening to a clear golden color. Excellent eating quality. Good for cooking. Flesh remains crisp and juicy even after months in storage.   Reliable annual producer with spur-type growth habit. Outstanding productivity.   One of the first seedling varieties developed by Albert Etter, perhaps his best. Originally named Allgold. Ripens midseason. Susceptible to Rust.

FALL PIPPIN
Large, yellow fall apple. Tender flesh. Good flavor. Good keeper. Some disease resistance. Ripens over a long period early to late Sept. Excellent for dessert but especially desirable for culinary use. Flesh tender, rich and of very good quality.

FALLAWATER
Also called Tulpehocken, Mt. Pippin, Pound, etc. Large in size and globular in form, it is usually green skinned turning a yellow green on ripening. Usually the skin is flushed a dull red to a bright red with russet dots and the white flesh is tinged green.   Very mild in flavor, the flesh is coarse, crisp and tender with a slight sweetness. A triploid, it is a regular bearer and fruits may grow up to 6" in diameter. The tree is a vigorous grower, the bark a dark red with coarse, shiny, large leaves. Subject to Cedar apple rust.

FAMEUSE   (Snow Apple)
Canada, Prior to 1824. One of the oldest and most desirable dessert apples. Possibly a parent to McIntosh. Small to medium sized fruit with beautiful red over cream skin. Name comes from it's pure white flesh occasionally stained crimson near the skin. Tender, spicy, juicy, snow white, soft flesh with an aromatic, distinctive flavor. Used for dessert and is excellent for cider. Main fault is biennial bearing. Very hardy, long lived, healthy tree. Ripens during September.

FIESTA
The British have captured the fabulous, sweet, tangy and refreshing flavor of Cox's Orange in a highly productive disease resistant apple.   It is now available to American growers. It's color is 75% red over a green background. This patented, large round apple ripens in late September or early October and is a good keeper. It produces in years when others fail and is reportedly partially self fertile.

FIRESIDE
1943. McIntosh X Longfield. Delicious type that is hardy for Minnesota. Better flavor and texture than Delicious although not so highly colored. Large conical fruit. Green skin with scarlet stripes and sometimes a mottled orange flush. Crisp, sweet, juicy greenish white to yellow flesh. Not flat or mealy. Sweet subacid flavor. Excellent dessert apple. Good keeper. Resistant to cedar apple rust. Tree is vigorous and hardy. Ripens in October.

FIRMGOLD
A late season yellow type that ripens two weeks after Golden Delicious. Firmgold's flesh is fine textured and very sweet. Good russet resistance. Sizes easily to 3" and hangs well on the tree. Growth habit is similar to Gibson Golden, but keeps better. Is semi-vigorous and tends to be biennial if not thinned properly.

FORTUNE   (New York 429)
Red Spy x Empire. Very good fresh eating quality. Fruit large, with an attractive color. Flesh yellow. Tree dense foliage, very vigorous. Blooms between red and golden delicious. Ripens Oct.

FRANKLIN
Delicious X McIntosh. Well-colored fruit. Tender, crisp flesh, mild flavor. Resembles shape of Delicious, but far superior in eating quality. Ripens in late September. Introduced by the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station.

FREEDOM
Sister tree to Liberty. Macoun X Antonovka X NY 49821-46.   Medium to large, round, bright red fruit with almost invisible yellow background. Crisp, juicy, medium-coarse flesh. Subacid, sprightly flavor. Good quality apple for fresh eating, cider and cooking. Stores until January. Vigorous, spreading tree with leathery leaves. Resistant to fire blight, mildew, cedar-apple rust, scab and other diseases. Should require no sprays. Ripens late Sept. - early Oct. depending on location.

FRENCH PIPPIN
Conrad Gemmer writes, "Also known as Newark Pippin of Coxe, Green Pippin, Lehigh Greening of the Apples of New York, Green Pippin, Big Green, etc.   This has had dozens of names. Very rare. A gourmet pie baker has contracted my entire crop for as long as we both live". Fruit large to very large, roundish oblate. Skin tough, thin, smooth, bright pale yellow or greenish yellow with russet or green dots. Flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, crisp, juicy, sprightly. Good to very good in quality. Season January to May or June.

FREYBURG
Cox Orange Pippin X Golden Delicious. Small Reinette type fruit. Yellow green with some russeting. Juicy, aromatic, creamy white flesh with firm fine texture. The flavor is a combination of apple, pear, and banana. Has a touch of anise and liquorice. Lightly acidulous and sugary. Developed in New Zealand. Ripens early October.

FUJI
Ralls Janet X Delicious. High quality apple with fairly poor appearance. Tall, rectangular, medium size fruit. Yellowish green skin with an orangish red flush and darker stripes. Darker blush on sun side. Crisp, juicy slightly subacid white flesh with outstanding texture.   May require up to 200 days to mature. Good keeper. Vigorous, productive, somewhat bushy tree. Needs annual detailed pruning. Developed in Japan and introduced in 1962. Ripens very late. Very long storage life.

FUKUTAMI
Japan; raised 1933 at Aomori Exp. Station. Jonathan X Ralls Janet. Named 1948. Red Jonathan color. Crisp, sharp, but little flavor in English climate.

GALA   (Royal Gala)
Golden Delicious X Cox Orange. In most areas Royal Gala matures to a brighter overall red color rather than the orangish red blush of Gala.   Medium size, conical to round fruit. Bold, red stripes over yellow background. Firm, juicy, fine textured, yellow white flesh. Sweet slightly tart flavor.   Hangs well on tree. Compact growth habit, prolific bearer. Needs heavy thinning to maintain fruit size and prevent biennial bearing. Developed in New Zealand. Ripens from early Sept. to Oct. depending on location.

GALA SUPREME
Not a Gala or Gala strain, but a chance seedling of Red Delicious with many of the winning characteristics of the popular New Zealand variety. Similar to Gala with striped red color and a snappy sweet flavor. Gala Supreme ripens several weeks later than Gala and tends to be larger in size.

GANO
An old timer. Fruits medium to large. Flesh firm, somewhat coarse, moderately crisp, juicy flesh. Mildly subacid flavor, good quality. Ripens very late.

GARDEN ROYALE
A great summer apple from France. It has all the qualities of a late apple. Very balanced, mild, and sub-acid. bears young, upright round tree shape. Pretty with light yellow with splashes of orange, green, and red.   It is considered by many to be one of the best dessert apples of late summer and early autumn. The flesh is firm, very tender, aromatic, and with a delicate, pleasant acid flavor. The tree is hardy, healthy and long lived. Ripens late Summer to early Fall. Biennial bearer.

GARLAND
A disease resistant McIntosh type. Productive. Annual. Keeps until January. Melba x Haralson. Manitoba 196l.

GEORGE CARPENTER
This variety sent to the National Fruit Trials by Mr. Carpenter in 1925. It is now listed in the catalogs of one or two nursery firms. It had some resemblance to a very tall Blenheim Orange, in shape, size, eye and stem. The color is a brighter yellow and the scarlet more abundant, brighter and deeper-- a very handsome apple. Season November - December. Good dessert apple.

GINGERGOLD
Golden Delicious type. Can be picked green but will turn an attractive yellow with a blush if allowed to hang on the tree. Uiform fruit size. Keeps up to 6 months in storage. Ripens six weeks before Gibson Golden. Vigorous tree habit but no limb spreading is necessary. Found as a chance seedling in the orchards of Clyde and Ginger Harvey in VA.

GLOSTER
Originated in Germany. Introduced in 1969. Weisser Winterglockenapfel X Richared Delicious. Conic shape, attractive fully red fruit with calyx end shoulder bumps. Larger, mostly 3" diameter. Good flavor, crisp flesh. Tarter flavor than Delicious. Extremely productive tree. Tree vigorous, heavy cropper. Ripens late in the season.

GOLDEN DELICIOUS   (Starkspur)
Chance seedling of Grimes Golden. Large conic golden yellow fruit. Firm, crisp, juicy, flavorful flesh. Mild sweet distinctive flavor. High quality all purpose. Shrivels in storage. Moderately vigorous, round headed tree with wide crotch angles. Bears very young and annually if thinned. Requires gentle picking, bruises easily. Sometimes serious russeting. Self fertile. Introduced in 1900. Good pollinator. Ripens from mid Sept. to late Oct. depending on location.

GOLDEN NUGGET
Nova Scotia 1932. A cross of Cox Orange and Golden Russet. One of the choicest dessert apples. A small, broadly conical, long-stemmed predominately yellow, streaked and splashed with a bright orange, sometimes spotted with russet. Sugary sweet, rich, luscious of a most delicious flavor. Fine for eating out of hand, excellent for pies, sauce and apple butter. Short keeping life. Ripens just before Cox Orange.

GOLDEN PEARMAIN
An extremely good dessert apple of medium size and rather flat form. The skin is rough with a large portion of bright russet mingled with red toward the sun when fully ripe. The flesh is rich, tender and rather dry. It is a good uniform bearer. Valuable for cider and for family use. Ripens mid-season.

GOLDRUSH   (CO-OP 38)
This is perhaps the finest quality disease resistant variety released to date. From Purdue tested as HER4T16. Fruit is conic-round, medium large,a deep uniform greenish yellow.   Flesh is hard, very crisp and breaking. Sugar-acid balance slightly favors tartness at harvest, mellowing slightly in storage. Quality has been rated very good at tree ripe and excellent after 4 weeks storage. Storage exceeds 6 months. Wins taste tests both in November and in March.

GOOF
A round, medium sized apple, pale green overlaid with deep purplish-red, and faint yellow streaks. White flesh is crisp, juicy and moderately subacid. Tree crops heavily with well spurred spreading growth habit. Ripens early October.

GRAVENSTEIN
Probable origin Germany in 1790. Large, round to slightly flattened orangish yellow fruit with red stripes. Thin skin. Crisp, juicy, fine grained, yellowish white flesh. Known for fine flavor. Unexcelled for cooking. Makes wonderful pies, desserts, sauces, and cider. With proper storage, keeps until November. Large, vigorous, upright tree. Pick frequently because of uneven ripening and premature drop. Tendency to biennial bearing may be helped by heavy pruning. Ripens early, though there are a number of sports that vary about a month.

GREEN SWEET
A desirable late keeping apple excellent for either dessert or culinary use. It holds it's flavor and remains crisp, brittle and juicy until spring. Tree med. to large.   Fruit medium to below, ocassionally large. Skin grass-green becoming a pretty yellow with a thin brownish red blush in highly colored specimens. Flesh greenish-white, tender, fine grained, juicy, very sweet, good. Season December to April.

GREENSLEEVES
This is a new dessert apple from East Malling Research Station which received the Award of Merit in 1981. From James Grieve x Golden Delicious. It is a mid season Golden Delicious type. Color is pale garnished with yellow, sometimes faint pink-orange flesh. Size is medium, shape oblong or round-conic. It is hardy and a partial tip bearer. Cropping is very heavy and the trees bear fruit very early in life. The fruits are crunchy and sweet with a nice tangy bite in Sept. and Oct. but they go rather soft by Nov. Tree weak but hardy. Pick mid to late Sept.

GRIMES GOLDEN
Originated in West Virginia in 1832 on the farm of Thomas Grimes. Possible parent of Yellow Delicious. Medium to large, yellow fruit garnished with fine russet dots. Crisp, fine grained, yellow flesh.   Rich, distinctive, aromatic, spicey flavor. Superior dessert quality. Excellent, juicy, cider apple. Good for all kitchen uses except baking. Keeps until January. Productive tree, medium vigor, crops well. Bears young and annually. Self-pollinating. Moderately resistant to fire blight and cedar-apple rust. Ripens midseason.

GROVE
A cross of Ingram/Delicious by P.H.. Shepard. Introduced in 1935 by Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Fruit is medium large, conic in shape, having a dull finish, striped orange-red over yellow green. The flesh is pale cream color, very sweet and juicy. Conrad Gemmer writes,"A most beautiful bright red apple of conical shape, an all-purpose apple. Fine grained applesauce of the best quality. I am amazed that this one never caught on". Ripens mid to late October. Blooms late.

HAMPSHIRE
A new cultivar introduced in 1990 in New Hampshire. Flavor and flesh firness of the pleasant red fruits are exceptional, it is the best and the firmest apple out of cold storage in December. The tree is easy to train and prune. Originated as a chance seedling in a Red Delicious Orchard.   Very firm and fine textured, moderately vigorous, Very precocious and highly productive. Proven cold-hardy. Fruits are large and uniformly round to oblate with 100% red blush with little stiping. Skin is thin and tough, flesh creamy white, slow to discolor. Sub-acid, yet mildly sweet, sprightly, good aromatics. Has excellent storage life. Disease status about the same as Red Delicious.

HARALRED
Red selection of Haralson. Earlier, redder, and sweeter, without the common russeting problem many Haralsons have. Juicy, tart, firm flesh. Good keeper. Fire resistant. Extremely hardy. Excellent variety for northern U.S. and Canada. Discovered by Louis Lautz, orchardist at La Crescent, Minnesota. Ripens in September.

HAWAII
Golden Delicious X Gravenstein. Gourmet dessert apple with a flavor and aroma like pineapple. Large, yellow fruit with light pinkish orange striping gives overall orange appearance. Exceptionally sweet flavor is largely influenced by Gravenstein. Growth habit is moderate spreading and easily trained. Tends to be biennial. Introduced in 1945. In a tasting involving 90 cultivars during October 1984, Hawaii finished 2nd behind Gala and ahead of Jonagold. Ripens with Red Delicious.

HAWKEYE DELICIOUS
This is the original Delicious, the one that earned the name. Somehow in search for a redder apple, eating quality was not considered. This genuine original strain of the world's most widely grown apple has never been improved on as far as eating quality is concerned, superior to all spur types.

HAWLEY
Also called Douse or Dowse. It is a globular large fruit with smooth, waxy skin, greenish yellow in color with an inconspicuous brown blush.   Russet dots and flecks cover most of the surface, especially toward the cavity and the stem is about 3/4" long in a wide, deep cavity. The flesh is yellowish white, fine-grained, soft, juicy and subacid. It is slow to begin bearing then bears regularly. Ripens in Sept.

HAYNE'S SEEDLING
Believed to be a seedling of July Tart, but a later apple of excellent quality and a fine keeper. Green shading to pale yellow when ripe. Early October.

HAZEN
New release by North Dakota University introduced in 1980. Duchess Oldenburg x Starking Delicious. Large round dark red fruit. Greenish yellow, medium firm, juicy, very sweet flesh; mildly subacid flavor. Pleasant for eating, good dessert and cooking apple. Naturally semi-dwarf tree grows about 7-10 feet tall with a 15 foot spread. Annual producer. Hardy to zone 3. Ripens August to September.

HENRY CLAY
YUSA, received 1951. Yellow and red fruit is similar to Yellow Transparent. Stark offered this apple in the 1900's. Size medium, shape flat to intermediate. Ribbed at eye and on the body, often asymmetric: Skin green with pinkish orange flush, russet dots and occasional russet patches: greasy. Flesh is soft, juicy , greenish white, flavor slightly acid. Tree moderately vigorous. Ripens mid August. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury.

HEYER 20
Saskatchewan. Medium to medium large yellowish green apple with a crisp, juicy, sweet flavor that is unbeatable! Hardy zone 2 variety suited to short growing seasons. Handles -46 degrees in Fairbanks with no injury. Ripens in late August.

HOKUTO
Fuji x Mutsu cross. Fruit is large, round in shape with red stripes on a yellowish background. Pale yellow flesh with high sugar and excellent flavor. Japanese say "better than Fuji". Ripens two weeks before the late ripening Fuji.

HOLIDAY
A cross between Jonathan and Macoun (McIntosh x Jersey Black). A high quality fine flavored dessert apple recently introduced by the Ohio Station. It has inherited the good eating qualities of it's parents with the rich flavor of Jonathan and the white juicy flesh of Macoun. Shiny bright red over yellow skin with a prominent dotting. One of the best of the new varieties. Ripens in late season.

HOLLY
A cross of Jonathan / Delicious. Introduced in 1970 by the Ohio Agricultural Research Center, this large outstandingly beautiful apple has the color of the holly berry. It keeps well until January. Its shape is conic, sometimes having a blockish appearance.   The glossy skin is evenly blushed with pinkish to deep, solid red. The creamy white flesh is mild in flavor, juicy and quite sweet, similar to Delicious. Tree spreading and moderately vigorous. Fruit hangs well on the tree. Ripens early to mid- October.

HOLSTEIN
Open-pollinated seedling of Cox Orange from Hamburg, Germany. Originated in about 1918. Shape round conical. Flat base, slightly lop sided. Medium to large deep yellow fruit with varying reddish orange blush. Sometimes lightly russeted. Creamy yellow firm juicy flesh with coarse texture. Delicious intense aromatic flavor of it's parent Cox Orange. Superior quality. Good keeper. Tree has nice spreading habit and is vigorous. Crop is good, but prone to frost damage, mildew and canker. Triploid, so sterile. Very scab resistant. Ripens in late September.

HONEY CRISP
A new introduction form the University of Minnesota that can best be described as explosively crisp. A cross between Macoun and Honeygold. Ripens mid September to October. Color is red mottled over a yellow background. Has excellent eating and keeping qualities.

HONEY GOLD
USA raised 1935, University of Minnesota Horticulture Research Center.   Introduced in 1969. Golden Delicious X Haralson. Hardy substitute for Golden Delicious developed especially for cold northern areas. Golden Delicious flavor - Haralson hardiness. Medium to large golden to greenish fruit with very smooth finish and reddish bronze blush. Flavor is sweeter and more bland than Golden Delicious. High quality. Superior storage qualities.   Moderately vigorous tree. Crop is good. Susceptible to fire blight. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury. Ripens in late October.

HORSE
Mo. 1872. 30-40 years ago few farms were without this apple. It is greenish yellow in color usually with a pink blush. The fruit is medium to large. It is very tart until fully ripened. It has a real unusual flavor. Flesh white stained red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough, sprightly, subacid, aromatic. It is extra good for jelly, drying and cooking or most anything you would want to use an apple for. Somewhat slow to come into bearing, ripens in early August. (Apples of New York says quality fair to almost good sometimes!)

HOWGATE WONDER
Raised by G. Wratton in England in 1915-1916 from Blenheim Orange x Newton Wonder. Received Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1929, introduced in 1932.   A large to very large culinary apple, 4"x4", ground color pale green, becoming pale yellow, 1/4 to 3/4 flushed with brownish red and striped which changes to orange red. Eaten fresh, quite sweet, juicy, pleasant. Cooked, keeps shape but very light. Becomes very greasy if stored. Tree moderately vigorous and spreading, spurs freely. Crop is heavy. Pick early October.

HUDSON'S GOLDEN GEM
Large, high quality russet, conical, elongated fruit. Smooth uniformly dull yellow russet skin. Very long stem. Sugary juicy crisp flesh. Flavor is somewhat nutty.   Excellent dessert apple. Keeps in storage for 3 months. Heavily russeted fruit sometimes cracks when ripe. Hangs on the tree well into winter. Large vigorous spreading productive tree bears annually. Notable disease resistance, especially scab. Introduced in 1931.   Found as fence row seedling at Hudson Nursery, Tangent, OR. Ripens late October.

HUNT RUSSET   (Russet Pearmain)
Originated at least 150 years ago on the old Hunt farm in Concord, Mass. Fruit medium sized, golden russet with broken patches of smooth bright red on the cheek. It is quite attractive for a russet apple, excellent in quality and a good keeper. Known to keep in root cellars over a year. Tree moderately vigorous and productive. Ripens late.

IDAHO SPUR
Fully dark red strain of Red Delicious with blushed color patterns. Colors early. The tree has a spur habit of growth: good yielder. Ripens midseason. One of the best of the 85 Red Delicious sports under test at the Geneva Research Center. Introduced in 1961 in Idaho.

IDARED
Wagoner X Jonathan. A highly flavored aromatic apple of good size and shiny red skin. flesh is crisp white and juicy. May be too highly flavored at picking time but mellows with age. Small to medium sized tree bears heavy crops annually. Susceptible to fire blight. Some resistance to scab. Good keeping qualities. Excellent for sauce and pies and excellent dessert apple. Developed by the Idaho Ag. Experiment Station. Ripens mid October.

INGRID MARIE
Danish seedling of Cox's Orange Pippin introduced in 1920. Widely grown in Denmark. Named after daughter of Mr. Madson who found the tree. Very dark red fruit with large white dots. At best, quite rich, lightly aromatic flavor, soft juicy flesh. Size is medium to large. Shape is flat round. Fruit cracks around the eye. Good cropper. Tree moderately vigorous. Ripens in late September.

IRISH PEACH
Introduced in 1820 in Eire, Ireland sometimes called Early Crofton.   Small, green fruit with faint red stripes. Pleasantly rich balance of sweetness and acidity: fine aroma. Crisp, juicy flesh but on brisk side. Ideally eaten straight from tree but also good for baking. Upright growth. Inclined to be a shy bearer when young. Tree very vigorous, tip bearer. Ripens during midsummer. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury.

ITZSTEDTER APFEL
Quite round fruit without furrows. Pastel yellow with pastel pink cheek. Quite unusual, sweet-tart flavor with a hint of almond. Eating apple. Not an annual bearer. Ripens during September or October. From the village of Itzstedt-Holstein northeast of Hamburg. Probably dates from the late19th century.

JAMES GRIEVE
Originated from a seed planted by James Grieve of Edinburg, Scotland, first recorded in 1893. Believed either from Pott's Seedling or Cox Orange Pippin.   Medium to large, conical fruit. Size medium, round conical slightly ribbed shape. Almost solid crimson over yellow. Savoury, juicy yellowish flesh. Crisp yet melting. Strong acidity which can be overpowering early in it's season. Acidity mellows and flesh becomes soft and marrowy, yet flavor does not fade. Cooks well, keeps shape, remains a valued garden variety. Excellent flavor. Tree moderately vigorous, hardy and spreading. Excellent cropper. Fruits bruise easily and can drop prematurely. Ripens early September.

JESSE HALL
Recommended by T. Udall, who wrote, "Jesse Hall was written up a few years back by John Creech in Pomona. It hasn't fruited for me but it is supposed to be a decent apple". The Hall Apple: dates back to 1800. The quality of the Hall apple was recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture which stated in its 1903 yearbook, "Long keeping winter apple of good dessert quality".

JONAGOLD
Golden Delicious X Jonathan. Large fruit striped red over bright yellow. Firm, crackling, juicy, slightly tart, flesh. Superb, rich, full flavor. Finest dessert and eating quality. Good cooking properties. Will store in common refrigerator for 3 months.   Handsome sturdy vigorous spreading tree. Annually productive. Triploid. Susceptible to scab and mildew. Developed at Geneva Station and introduced in 1968. Currently the most planted variety in Europe.   Ripens from mid September to late October.

JONALICIOUS
The perfect combination of sugar and spice - taste of Red Delicious and the tart freshness of Jonathan.   A crisp texture makes it ideal for desserts, cooking or fresh eating. Keeps extremely well. 2½ to 3"" fruit is bright red with yellow under color. Disease resistant trees. Sometimes has lopsided fruit like York. Ripens mid to late Sept.

JONAMAC
Jonathan X McIntosh. McIntosh-type dessert apple with improved color.   Medium size, firm fruit with 90% dark red color over greenish background. Flesh firm, crisp, high quality. Flavor similar to McIntosh. Superior to McIntosh in eating quality. Medium size,, productive, medium vigor tree.   Fruit hangs well on the tree. Ripens in late September. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury. Developed by the NY State Agricultural Experiment Station. Introduced in 1972.

JONWIN
An Etter variety claimed to be a hybrid of Jonathan and Baldwin. Jonwin has the general appearance of a well colored Jonathan, but is much larger.   It has the crisper texture of the Baldwin combined with the Jonathon's distinctive aromatic flavor, and is a brighter red than either. At one time it was rated as a promising new commercial variety by the Oregon State Experiment Station, but for some reason, never caught on. Ripens with Jonathan through September.

JORDAN RUSSET
Juicy, hard, red russet. Excellent keeper. Makes delicious cider. Ripens late in the season. Hardy to -50 degrees. Origin unknown.

JULY RED
Developed in New Jersey as the result of a long and complex breeding program in 1949 at the Agricultural Experiment Station in New Brunswick. Introduced in 1962. (Petrel X Early McIntosh) x (Williams x Starr) Very attractive, large, red fruit. Strongly scented with vinous or loganberry flavor; sweet, soft, juicy, white flesh. Tree moderately vigorous. Ripens in late July.

KARMIJN de SONNAVILLE
Raised 1949 in the Netherlands. Introduced in 1971. Cox Orange Pippin X Jonathan.   Intensely Flavored, rich, aromatic, masses of sugar and acidity, crisp, juicy flesh. More robustly flavored than Cox, slightly honeyed; very good but not dazzling in appearance. Rather large for eating. Grown commercially in the Netherlands also used for juice. Growth habit is spreading and vigorous. Crop is good. Fruit prone to cracking and unsightly russet. May be flower tender. Triploid.

KEEPSAKE
Introduced in 1979. Malinda X Northern Spy. Unattractive, irregularly shaped, 2.25 to 2.75 inch diameter, 90% red fruit. Fine grained, hard, very crisp, juicy light yellow flesh. Strongly aromatic flavor. Very hardy. Mellows with age. Attains peak fresh eating quality in January or February. Keeps in storage through April. Moderately vigorous spreading tree. Resistant to fire blight and cedar apple rust. Ripens mid October to mid November.

KENT   (MALLING KENT)
Developed at East Malling Research Station in England in the 1960's. Cox Orange Pippin X Jonathan. Medium size conical fruit. Light red with smooth russet radiations from stem end. Crisp white flesh. At best rich with lots of sugar and acidity, quite aromatic. Mellows to become sweeter.Quite scented by New Year but rather coarse flesh with tough skin. Sweeter, milder flavor than either parent. Ripens later than Cox Orange Pippin and keeps longer. Tree moderately vigorous, crop is heavy. Prone to coarse russet. Pick mid to late October.

KIDD'S ORANGE RED
Cox's Orange X Red Delicious. Shape and size of Delicious; quality and coloring are much closer to Cox's Orange Pippin. Medium to large red blushed fruit. Thick skin with russet in some seasons. Juicy, crisp, very firm cream colored flesh. Pleasant aroma. Excellent flavor. High quality.   Long stem holds well to tree. Very spreading growth habit. Quite vigorous and productive. Developed in New Zealand in 1924. On a list of 20 favorite dessert apples compiled by Dr. Roger Way, Professor of Pomology at Geneva, N.Y. Ripens midseason.

KING COLE
Believed to be a Jonathan X Dutch Mignonne cross from Australia, 1912. Bright red Jonathan flush, smooth skinned dessert variety. Good brisk tasting fruit, keeps until January. Tree moderately vigorous Late season, ripens mid October.

KING DAVID
Arkansas, 1893. Medium size, pale green fruit overlaid with deep dark red. Firm, crisp, spicy, juicy yellow flesh. Very rich and flavorful. Resembles Winesap in appearance and taste.   Versatile apple for cider, pies, sauce, and eating. Fruits never seem to drop and increase in brilliance of color as the season goes on. For best eating, should be picked when the red color becomes complete. Large tree. Good storage ability. Bears very early. Resistant to fire blight. Ripens late October to early November.

KINSEI
Another variety from Japan. It is a Golden Delicious X Ralls Janet cross ripening in mid October. A large blushed yellow apple that is sweet and firm. Tree resembles Golden Delicious in growth habit and production. Some calyx russetting can occur in warmer districts. Storage is rated excellent.

KNOBBED RUSSET
Originated in Sussex, England. Introduced in 1819. Green and yellow fruit, sometimes scarlet streaked in the sun. Uneven surface is overlaid with rough gray and black russet, welts and knobs; worthy of its name. Crisp, rich, sugary, highly flavored flesh of the highest quality. Tree moderately vigorous, ripens late.

LADY SUDELEY
Also called Jacob's Strawberry. Raised in England in 1849. Medium in size with prominent ribs on the body and at the eye, the bright yellow skin is flushed reddish orange and striped red. The yellow flesh is fine-grained, firm and crisp with a slightly subacid sweet flavor. This dessert apple must be eaten soon after picking, before it becomes mealy. This moderately vigorous, small compact tree is a tip bearer that is late flowering. Ripens in August.

LAKELAND
Open pollinated seedling of Malinda. Medium sized fruit dark red striped. Flesh is yellow sometimes slightly tinged with red. Fine textured, juicy, and mildly acid. Excellent for pies and sauce. Mild pleasant flavor, an excellent choice for the home orchard. Good all-purpose apple. Good keeper, keeping till December. Vigorous tree resistant to rust and fire blight. Ripens late September.

LATE HARRISON
Also called Harrison Cider, Long Stem, and Harrison's Newark. Known in the early 19th century it is reported to have come originally from Essex County, New Jersey. Medium in size and round to oblong in shape, the yellow skin has black dots, and the yellow flesh is coarse and dry. It ripens in October in Virginia.

LAXTON'S SUPERB
England 1897 . Wyken Pippin x Cox Orange Pippin. Round conical medium to large fruit, greenish yellow mottled with a dull purplish-red. Flesh is white tinged green, fine textured but firm, tender and juicy with Cox like flavor. Vigorous, upright, spreading spur growth. Hardy in the North.

LEHIGH GREENING
Same as French Pippin above.

LIBERTY
Most disease resistant apple ever developed. Macoun X Purdue 54-12. Medium to large, bright, shiny, McIntosh-type fruit with 90% red blush. Crisp, juicy, light yellow flesh. Sprightly flavor. Good for eating fresh, cooking, canning or desserts. Stores until February. Flavor intensifies in storage. Hardy, spreading, vigorous, heavily spurred, productive tree. Annual bearer. Sets heavy fruit loads, resulting in small fruit; requires thinning. Resistant to scab, fire blight, mildew and cedar-apple rust. No spraying needed. Ripens early October. Hardy zones 4-8.

LIMBERTWIG   (Also see Red and Red Royal Limbertwigs below)
Probably arose in North Carolina, described in 1832. A once well known southern apple of medium size and deep or dull red color. Flesh is yellowish, hard, aromatic. Ripens late.

LORD LAMBOURNE
James Grieve x Worcester Pearmain. From England, raised by Laxton Bros. Ltd. at Bedford 1907, introduced by them in 1923, widely grown in Great Britain.   Size medium, shape flat-round to round-conic, not ribbed.   Skin greenish yellow with bright red flush and darker stripes. Shows some of strawberry flavor of Worcester with plenty of refreshing James Grieve acidity; sweet, juicy, crisp flesh. Flesh fine, pale cream; flavor moderately sweet, aromatic. Tree moderately vigorous, partial tip bearer. Crop is good. Season mid to late. Won the Bunyard cup 1921 Award of Merit from the Horticultural Society in 1923.

LYMAN'S LARGE SUMMER
Large, smooth, green, sometimes yellow fruit.   Crisp, juicy, breaking flesh. Refreshing, rich, clean, sweet-tart flavor. Good for table use or cooking.   A tip bearer. Ripens in early August.

MACOUN
Developed at Geneva Station in 1950. McIntosh X Jersey Black. Size and shape like McIntosh with more striped and deeper red coloring. Dark purplish red blush over green background. Firm, aromatic, all-purpose high quality dessert apple.   Fruit drops readily and bruises easily. Good for local markets, not for shipping. Medium size, vigorous, hardy, spur type productive tree. Upright habit needing spreading. Must thin to maintain fruit size and annual bearing. Very resistant to fireblight. Ripens late September to early October.

MAIGOLD
Swiss variety. Crisp, juicy flesh; mildly subacid, sweet flavor. Bruise resistant. Early bearing. Blooms same time as Golden Delicious. Keeps well in storage. Ripens late. Recommended by Fred Janson in Pomona Spring of 1985. A winter apple ripening in October and keeping till spring.

MANTET
Developed in Manitoba, Canada. Introduced in 1929. A cross of Tetofsky and McIntosh. Medium to large, summer apple. Amber fruit washed with red. Juicy, tender, aromatic, white flesh. Sweet and juicy with pleasing flavor. High quality. Excellent for fresh eating.   Upright, productive tree grows vigorously. In some seasons, such as early and excessive heat, breakdown is a problem. Ripens in mid-July. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury.

MARGIL 
Possibly of French origin. Introduced in 1750. Medium to small, slightly conical fruit. Orangish red skin with dark red stripes over gold russet patches. Always russeted on one side. Firm, sugary, yellow flesh. Intensely flavored, rich, aromatic, deep cream flesh. One of the best flavored. Moderately vigorous. Ripens late September.

Mc LEAN
From Canada, 1960. Medium sized attractive pale yellow skinned apple, with a light blush. Flesh is mildly acid, with good quality. In an unirrigated field, fruits were 2½" long and 2" in diameter. Hardy to zone 3. Ripens in mid-late August.

McLELLAN
A very old Woodstock, Conn. seedling, introduced in 1780. Light smooth, straw colored frui, covered with stripes and marblings of lively red. Good sprightly taste of fruit in November. Crisp, firm flesh.   Handsome, fragrant and tender. Esteemed as a very choice dessert apple in the 19th century. Ripens late fall. It is a good keeper and always has a good crop.

McLICIOUS
New in 1992, offered by Classical Fruits in Moulton, AL, no other info available.

MELBA
Raised in 1898 by W.T. Macoun at the Central Experiment Farm in Ottawa, Canada. Macintosh x Liveland Raspberry, introduced in 1924. Attractive, high quality, yellow washed with crimson fruit. Red, crisp, tender, sweet, juicy flesh. A sweet sub-acid flavor. Tree moderately vigorous, productive and bears at a young age. Bruises very easily. Hardy to -50 degrees. American Pomological Society silver medal winner in 1898. Ripens in mid-August.

MELON
An old variety that bears young and biennially. A very heavy bearer, needs thinning. Fruits very good quality for dessert or market. Medium large, skin yellow, red striped, round, oblate, conical with mild flavor. Tree round and spreading, slightly tender to cold temperatures. Ripens mid-season.

MELREDb
A red strain of Melrose (see below).

MELROSE
Developed at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Wooster, Ohio. Introduced in 1944. Red Delicious X Jonathan. Official Ohio State apple. Large flattened fruit. Yellowish green skin flushed and streaked dark red with russet spots. Firm, coarse, juicy creamy white flesh. Slightly acid flavor. Very good cooking and dessert qualities. Best after Christmas when it develops it's fruity aroma.   Stores at 31 degrees until April. Tree is vigorous, productive, annual bearer. Growth habit is spreading and moderate. Good for roadside market and local sales.   Planted extensively in Ohio. Crop is heavy but biennial. Ripens from mid to late October.

MELROUGE
Redder sport of Melrose with more intense flavor. Cross of Red Delicious x Jonathan. An excellent flavored dessert apple. Size is large and roundish flat. Growth habit is very spreading. Very good for cooking Stores well.

MERTON DELIGHT
Cox's Orange Pippin x Golden Russet. From England, raised at John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton by M.B. Crane. Introduced to U.S. in 1953.   Size medium, shape intermediate to flat, skin yellow, striped pinkish red. Flesh tender, crisp, creamy. Flavour sweet to subacid. Season early.

MERTON'S CHARM
McIntosh x Cox's Orange Pippin. From England, raised at John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton, by M.B. Crane.   Raised 1933, named in 1962. Size medium; shape flat, rectangular, convex, not ribbed; skin greenish yellow, sometimes with a slight brownish red flush. Flesh tender, crisp, creamy white; flavor sweet subacid. Season early to mid.

MILO GIBSON
Red and yellow fruit. A fine tasting apple with unique licorice flavor. Ripens in mid-season. Hardy to -50 degrees with occasional winter injury. Origin unknown.

MINNESOTA 1734
Bronze russet fruit. Hard, yellow flesh. Rich flavor. Makes excellent tasting cider. Annual producer of heavy crops Ripens late. Hardy to -50 degrees.

MOLLIES DELICIOUS
(Golden Delicious / Gravenstein) X (Edgewood / Close). A very good to excellent early apple ripening 4 weeks earlier than Red Delicious. Fruits are large to very large, conical in shape with a pinkish red color. Has an exceptionally pleasing aftertaste. This quality can be maintained in storage for at least 10 weeks under refrigeration. Somewhat delinquent in bearing and a tendency toward biannual bearing are it's chief faults. Growth habit is moderately vigorous and spreading. One of the easiest to train. Very good to eat fresh, in sauce or pies. Ripens in August.

MOORE SWEET
Fruit medium to large. Uniform in size and shape. Shape roundish. Skin smooth, rather pale in color, being yellow or greenish overspread with a red or pinkish red blush and dulled by greyish scarfskin. Flesh tinged with yellow or green, moderately firm, moderately fine grained, tender, rather dry, sweet, good. Moderately attractive, particularly valued as an excellent keeper and acceptable quality for culinary use. Biennial or annual.

MOUNTAIN BOOMER
A huge round apple, some specimens being larger than a saucer. It is a pale yellow with an occasional blush where exposed to the sun. This is a huge tree, over 50' tall. Flavor and texture are exceptional, considering the size of the fruit. Ripens in September.

MOYER'S SPICE
Bears young, reportedly made the top five in an apple tasting. A rather large apple of the Yellow Bellflower group: yellow, often blushed with red.   Flesh is moderately crisp, coarse, very juicy, mildly subacid, becoming sweet or nearly so. Good to very good in flavor and quality. It comes into bearing young and is productive.

NEWELL'S LATE ORANGE   (Newell's Winter)
Flat-round, sometimes irregular shape. Good size, solid yellow-green fruit entirely covered with minute green or black dots. Firm, crisp, juicy, rich white flesh. Regular cropper. Ripens late. Originated in Sauk County, Wisconsin. Planted by Orange Newell from seeds of Perry Russet brought from New York. Introduced it in 1850.

NIAGARA
Carlton X McIntosh, introduced in 1962 by New York State Ag. Station.   Fruits are medium to large in size, roundish conic and irregular in shape, with deep red blush and stripe over pale yellow. The flesh is white and similar to McIntosh, very sweet and juicy, skin tough.   High dessert quality. Preharvest drop is considerable, storage fair. Ripens mid-September to early October.
NORTHERN LIGHTS
NY 17-207. Haralson x McIntosh. Glossy, bright red fruit with slightly tart flesh. Good flavor. Very cold hardy. Useful for home orchards in severely cold areas. Developed by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. Introduced in 1990.

NORTHERN SPY   (Red Spy, Red Northern Spy)
Large, round, often flattened greenish- yellow fruit flushed and striped pinkish red with a delicate bloom, and occasionally russet patches.   Fine grained, rather firm, very tender, crisp, juicy, yellowish flesh. Tart, aromatic, subacid flavor. Excellent all purpose apple except not good for drying.   Keeps into March or even May in proper storage. Remarkably fresh after long storage. Very large vigorous tree. Biannual bearer. Slow to bear. Very hardy. Discovered in New York about 1800. Ripens late Oct. to Nov.

NORTHFIELD BEAUTY
An Albert Etter variety selected from over 600 varieties. Medium to large fruits, predominately red in color. Hangs well to the tree. Maintains it's quality longer both on the tree and in storage. Heavy producer, immune to scab. Shape intermediate to flat, rectangular, asymetric: Skin whitish yellow , striped and splashed with red. Flesh crisp, white. Flavor subacid, season early.

NORTHWEST GREENING
The big yellow pie apple of the north, NW Greening is a cross of Golden Russet and Alexander from Wisconsin in 1872. It is the most popular non-red apple grown in the North Central States. Beneath its tough skin the greenish yellow flesh is firm, juicy and mildly tart. Best when cooked into sauce or made into pies as it does not rate high for fresh eating. It ripens in October and keeps well.

NOVA EASY GRO
A Spartan x PRI cross from Nova Scotia, 1971. Fruit is large, oblate, 80% red stripe over greeninsh yellow ground. Stores well in cold storage. Flesh is snow white, firm, crisp, mildly sweet, slightly juicy. Slightly tough at picking but mellows in storage. Recommended for cooking, salads & eating fresh. Resistant to scab, cedar apple rust, moderately resistant to fire blight and mildew. Hardy, vigorous and moderately productive. Ripens Oct.

NOVAMAC
Flattened fruit with 70% red stripe on green background. Crisp, tender, fine-textured flesh. Slight mcIntosh flavor. Good quality. Ripens September.

ORANGE SWEET
Small, somewhat conical fruit. Orange yellow when ripe. Sweet but not insipid. Uncommonly good aroma and taste for its season. Fruits medium in size, attractive in appearance for a yellow apple, being pale yellow, often somewhat blushed. Skin tough. A desirable variety for home growing. Tree comes into bearing early, bears biennially. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine grained, tender, moderately sweet. Good to very good .Moderately vigorous and long-lived. Ripens extremely early, late July.

ORIN
Japan, raised at the Aomori Apple Research Station. A selection from the same crosses that produced the Mutsu apple. Yellow skin is blushed red-orange and dotted with conspicuous white lenticels. Sweet, very honeyed, pale yellow flesh, but of little taste or acidity of fruit. Moderately vigorous, spreading tree is a tip bearer. Reported to be superior to Mutsu. Pick late October.

ORIOLE
Yellow skin, striped red. Parentage: Yellow Transparent, Liveland Raspberry. An excellent quality dessert or cooking apple. Tree is extremely productive, and extremely to very hardy. Ripens early.

OZARK GOLD
Very similar to Golden Delicious but ripens three weeks earlier. The tree has wide angle branches, is very hardy and disease resistant. Bears at a young age.

PALMER GREENING
Also known as Washington Royal. Waxy green-yellow skin shaded red. White flesh with yellow cast. Crisp, firm, tender & juicy. Excellent for eating fresh. Ripens mid season. Rather attractive in color, quite variable in size. Good quality, but mild in flavor and eventually becoming nearly sweet.

PARK'S PIPPIN   (GILMER PIPPIN)
This is a late fall ripening apple. Greenish yellow in color, very tart until full ripe, keeps well. Good for cooking, drying, cider or eating out of hand. Originated on the farm of Monroe Parks around mid 1800's.

PECK'S PLEASANT
Similar to R.I. Greening and Newton Pippin but larger and more juicy. Translucent yellow skin with blush. Highly aromatic, the flesh is tender, pleasantly flavored and ranks very good to best in quality. Color green becoming bright waqxen yellow with orange-red blush, somwtimes partly deepening to pink. Ripens in Fall. Biennieal bearer.

PERRY RUSSET
An old American variety discovered by Conrad Gemmer in an old New Jersey orchard. It is a large yellow green apple often with shiny skin and only occasionally covered with a fine russet.   It has juicy fine grained yellow flesh, rich and acidic in flavor and excellent for pies.   Described in "Horticulturist" in 1862 by a grower in Wisconsin who had been testing all the best varieties of his time. He said of Perry Russet, "too many cannot be had, as it is the best of all the russets". Ripens early winter.

PINK LADY
A cross between Golden Delicious and Lady Williams from the Western Australian apple breeding program. Oblong, green fruit turns yellow at maturity and is overlaid with pink or light red. Fine-grained, white flesh. Thin skin bruises easily. Tree is very vigorous with large distinctive leaves. Fruit will store for six to eight months in common storage. Ripens in late September.

PINK PEARMAIN
Larger fruit than Pink Pearl and ripening one month before it. This apple obtains a red striped skin when mature, with an up-side-down shape. Flesh is a deeper pink tone which varies with climatic changes. Tart and aromatic flavor. Ripens in late September.

PIONEER
Ripens mid- September. Light red striping with a yellow undercoat. Rich sweet tart flavor.

PORTER
One of the great classic American apples originating in 1840 with Reverend Samuel Porter in Massachusetts. The fruit is of very fine dessert quality. It is also highly esteemed for canning and other culinary uses, because when cooked it is not only excellent in quality, but retains its form remarkably well. The fruit is yellow, faintly marked with red. It varies in size from large to small. Comes into bearing early. Ripens in September.

PRAIRIE SPY
Extra long keeping winter apple. Large fruit with attractive red over yellow color. Crisp, juicy flesh with excellent flavor. All purpose.   Keeps for 3 months with flavor developing and improving in storage. Hardy, vigorous, long-lived, annually productive tree. Bears young and heavily. Blooms exceptionally late. Some resistance to scab and cedar apple rust. One of the best home orchard varieties. Developed by the University of Minnesota. Ripe in early October.

PRISCILLA
Parent is Starking Delicious. Medium in size. 65% red blush over yellow background. Crisp, coarse, mildly subacid. White to slightly greenish flesh. Good flavor and quality. Will store for three months. Fruit hangs well. Immune to scab, resistant to blight, mildew and rust. Ripens 10 days before delicious or with Jonathan.

PRISTINE
New from Purdue University. Beautiful lemon-yellow apple with a perfect finish even under low-spray program. This high quality apple is very productive and is a good keeper for an early apple.

QUEBEC BELLE
Open-pollinated seedling of Northern Spy. Red fruit. Resembles Delicious in appearance and Northern Spy in quality. Keeps well. Hardy to -50 degrees. Ripens mid-season.

RAMBO
Dates back to the late 1500's. A large apple, truncate-conic in shape. It is lightly ribbed on the body and prominently ribbed at the eye. Usually asymmetrical in shape. The pale greenish yellow skin is flushed pale red and streaked carmine and scattered with russet patches. The yellowish flesh is fine grained and firm with a subacid, slightly sweet flavor. One of the very best for jelly, pies and for drying. Bears early, annually, and heavily with some disease resistance. Medium to large. Ripens in August.

RAMSDELL SWEET
Also called English Sweet. An attractive red appple of good size and very good quality. In season from mid-autumn to mid-winter. The tree is a pretty good grower and an early bearer. Harvest date is October. Nearly annual bearer of not very uniform in size and quality fruits. Skin thin, rather tough, smooth yellow nearly overspread with an attractive dark red with a blue bloom. Flesh tinged with yellow firm, fine, tender, juicy, very sweet, quality good to very good.

RAZOR RUSSET
A great russet apple with excellent flavor. Medium sized with golden bronze skin, almost entirely covered with a yellowish brown russet. Flesh is firm, slightly coarse yellowish white.   Remarkable for its sugar content. Great for fresh eating and for cooking. Ripens in September. Keeps well.

RED GOLD
This one gets a blue ribbon for being the sweetest tasting apple ever developed. Particularly fine for desserts. This variety is particularly strong flower with good disease resistance. Keeps for weeks in the refrigerator. Ripens mid September.

RED LIMBERTWIG
A beautiful round and conical shaped apple with yellow flesh that is rich, aromatic, and juicy. All purpose. Keeps all winter. Weeping type.

RED ROYAL LIMBERTWIG
An excellent variety of Limbertwig. The apple is large, round, and some will be a bit conical. Red and greenish yellow with stripe and white dots. Very aromatic, firm, and crisp, very rich unusual pleasing taste. One of the best for eating fresh, for apple butter, and cider - an all purpose apple. Keeps all winter. When one eats a Red Royal Limbertwig, though large, one is seldom enough. A strong and vigorous grower, but easy to manage.

REDFREE
Medium size, glossy fruit with 90% bright red color. Smooth, waxy, russet-free skin. Light flesh is crisp and juicy. Excellent flavor. Tree bears annually. Immune to scab and cedar apple rust. Moderately resistant to fire blight and mildew. Ripens 5 days before Paulared, six weeks before Red Delicious. Uneven ripening, may require two pickings. Purdue release. Introduced in 1981.

REDSLEEVES
Exeter Cross X (scab resistant seedling). Introduced in 1986. Red flushed, smooth skinned, dessert variety. Sweet, lightly aromatic, crisp, juicy flesh; can be weakly flavored. Blossom is frost resistant. Tree is moderately vigorous. Crop is heavy and resistant to scab and mildew. Ripens early (late August).

REDWELL
Open pollinated seedling of Scott Winter. Large, well colored fruit; red over yellow skin. Cream colored flesh. Mild, excellent flavor. Good for eating fresh, baking and sauce. Keeps until January in storage. Vigorous tree has strong framework and bears annually. Partially dwarfing in habit. Underrated. Good home orchard choice. Ripens late.

REGENT
USA, University of Minn. introduced 1963. Red Duchess X Red Delicious. Medium size fruit. Bright red over yellow. Very pleasing flavor and texture. Honeyed, plenty of acidity, crisp, crackling, juicy flesh. Cooked keeps shape, light flavour, sweet, fruity. Delicately favored, all purpose apple. High dessert quality does not diminish in storage. Fruits store into the winter. Tree is vigorous, bears young, sets good crops. Resistant to cedar apple rust. Susceptible to fire blight and scab. Fruit hangs well, rarely dropping before harvest. Developed at University of Minnesota. Well suited to northern areas. Ripens mid October.

REVEREND MORGAN
Originated in the Houston, TX area and seems to do well in Zone 9 and zones further North. A seedling of Granny Smith. It has a pinkish red colored skin with good quality fruit. Superb flavor and texture, excellent dessert quality. Self fruitful. Disease resistant. Ripens very early.

REVIVAL
Ripens late October. Large, orange-yellow with red stripes, crisp and very good taste, looks like Red Delicious and Winter Banana, better than either parent.

RHODE ISLAND GREENING
Favorite American cooking apple known in colonial times. Medium to large, round, symmetrical fruit. Yellowish green skin; occasional orange flush, russet at base or pale dots. Greasy, firm, crisp, juicy, greenish yellow flesh. Peculiar, tart, refreshing, pleasantly acid flavor. Good for fresh eating. if tree ripened. Excellent for cooking and drying. Large, vigorous tree. Triploid. Known in 1650. Biennial. September to late October.

RICHARED
Whole tree sport of Red Delicious. Fairly well colored and better tasting than most modern strain. Discovered in Washington.

RUBINETTE
A cross of Golden Delicious and Cox Orange from Switzerland. A very sweet apple with a slight tang. Bright red stripes cover the golden undertone with a slight russet.  Growth characteristics are similar to Golden Delicious.  Somewhat resistant to mildew and apple scab.  Fruits medium in size. Ripens early October.

RUSTY COAT
Similar to Golden Russet except that the skin color is a little darker and the russeting on the skin is much heavier and the flesh dryer. Fine flavor. Excellent for drying and applesauce. Very good keeper. Some disease resistance. Developed in Connecticut.

SANDOW
This is a glorious survivor of early Canadian apple breeding efforts and was selected in Ottowa in 1912 from hundreds of Northern Spy seedlings. Introduced in 1935. There is much similarity to its parent in shape, creamy flesh color and long keeping quality, but it has a fuller flavor, is hardier, and redder and less troubled by scab. Bright scarlet stripes and flush. Sweet, juicy melting flesh; definite flavor of raspberries. Quality very high. Aromatic, juicy and crisp. Hardier than Northern Spy. Ripens mid to end of October.

SCARLET GALA
Patented strain of a redder Gala. Unusually bright red color distinguishes it from other Galas. It is a medium sized apple. Oval to round in shape and slightly taller than other strains. A vigorous grower with heavy and annual bearing habits. Early and adequate thinning help to attain size. Flesh is yellow, extremely firm, very juicy, and sweet and mildly aromatic. Ripens in early September.

SEKAI ICHI
Red Delicious X Yellow Delicious. Color of fruit varies form pale pink to darker red with red stripes. Sometimes solid red in the sun. Crisp, breaking, juicy flesh. Very sweet fine mild flavor. If tree is properly thinned, apples reportedly weigh close to 2 lbs. Developed in Japan. Reportedly the highest priced apple in Japan.

SENATOR
Also known as Oliver. Originated in Arkansas over a hundred years ago. A flattish round, medium size apple. Almost solid red over green background with prominent white or russet dots. Tender, crisp, juicy flesh. Most refreshing flavor. Crops very well every year. Ripens in early October.

SENSHU
A new apple form Japan where it is being heavily planted. A Toko - Fuji cross whose flavor and size qualities are rated excellent. Reported to be very disease resistant. Tree is moderately spreading somewhat like Fuji. Ripens about three weeks before red delicious.

SHAMROCK
Originated in Summerland, British Columbia. New in 1992. Developed as a substitute for Granny Smith for areas where Grannys cannot be ripened. A Spur McIntosh x Spur Golden Delicious cross. Medium size fruit is very similar in appearance to Granny Smith. Flesh is creamy light green and has a coarse texture with a sprightly flavor similar to Macintosh. Hardy, semispur tree. Ripens about 6 weeks before Granny Smith.

SHARON
McIntosh x Longfield. USA, raised 1906 by S.A. Beach, Iowa State Ag. Exp. Station, Ames, IA. Introduced in 1922. Yellow fruit striped with red. Flesh sweet, soft & juicy. Can lack acidity and taste woody. Generally similar to McIntosh, but sweeter and firmer. High quality. Vigorous, productive tree. Hardy to -50 degrees. Ripens midseason.

SHAY
A scab immune and mildew resistant apple that each year provides a heavy crop in late September on a sturdy well branched tree. The red elongated fruit is crisp, sweet, and great for fresh eating. Developed by the late Dr. Ralph Shay at Oregon State University. From an earlier planting at Purdue.

SHINSEI
Originated in Japan at the Aomori Exp. Station. Introduced in 1930. Named 1948. Yellow Delicious x Early McIntosh. Resembles Golden Delicious but harder. Medium size, round, greenish yellow fruit. Firm, fine grained white flesh. Very sweet, scented, crisp & juicy. Ripens in late September.

SIERRA BEAUTY
Old California variety. Large blocky handsome apple. Greenish yellow skin. Striped or blushed with red. Juicy very crisp moderately sweet flesh.   Rich, tart, sprightly flavor. Excellent for eating fresh or cooking. Good keeper. Self fruitful. Proved most popular at the 1984 apple tasting held at the Ecological Farming Conference. For seekers of a really crisp apple, this is the one. Ripens September to October.

SINTA
Canada, 1956. Golden Delicious and Grimes Golden cross. Resembles Golden Delicious. Medium sized fruits are pale yellow, sometimes almost white with a pinkish blush in the sun. Crisp, juicy, deep cream flesh; sweet, aromatic flavor superior to either parent. Tree spreading, moderately vigorous. Ripens mid October.

SIR PRIZE
USA, PRI. Released in 1971. Resembles large Golden Delicious. Large greenish yellow fruit. High quality, but very thin tender skin that bruises easily. Very sweet, scented taste, crisp & juicy. Strong, vigorous, spreading tree. Immune to scab; resistant to mildew and cedar-apple rust. Excellent home garden apple; too tender for commercial markets. Ripens Oct.

SMOKEHOUSE
Pennsylvania, 1837. Grew up next to Smokehouse in Lancaster Co. PA. Open pollinated seedling of Vandervere. Large, rather flattish shaped apple.   Flushed, dull red over greenish yellow. Flesh crisp, yellowish, moderately fine-grained. Fresh cider flavor. Very good quality cooking, eating, and baking apple. Keeps well through March.   Vigorous tree. Bears young, quite productive and a reliable bearer. Ripens in September.

SPARTAN
Developed at the British Columbia Station. Introduced 1936. McIntosh X Newton Pippin. McIntosh type. Beautiful medium size dark red almost mahogany dessert quality apple. Pure white flesh, crisp sweet with some acidity. Firmer than McIntosh. Highly aromatic fine flavor. Superb for eating fresh. Better keeper and shipper than McIntosh. Keeps through January. Annually productive. Precocious and consistently heavy bearer. Susceptible to premature drop. Resistant to scab, mildew and fire blight. Hardy. Excellent for the Midwest. Ripens mid October. Needs to be well colored before picked for good flavor.

SPENCER
Developed at British Columbia Station, 1926. Introduced 1959. McIntosh X Golden Delicious. Large nearly solid red or red striped over green fruit. Very sweet with crisp juicy flesh. Fine flavor. Core smaller than McIntosh. Excellent eating quality. Vigorous upright spreading tree. On Professor Way's list of 20 favorite dessert apples. Ripens late October.

SPIJON
A cross of Red Spy x Monroe (Jonathan x Rome) at the Geneva (N.Y.) Ag. Station, named in 1968. An annual cropper, it is a dual purpose apple which is outstanding as a processor. The fruits are large, of good quality, and have a very attractive red blush. Productive. The variety is a diploid. It is picked with Rome or later.

SPIGOLD
Northern Spy X Golden Delicious. Large golden yellow fruit 75% covered with bright red stripes. Tender skin. Fine grained firm crisp yellow flesh. Dual flavor that resembles sprightly juiciness of Northern Spy and Golden Delicious. Exceptionally high quality. Stores well. Most useful as high quality apple for roadside and local sale. Growth habit is strong, upright, triploid. Developed at Geneva Station.. Introduced in 1962. Ripens during October.

SPITZENBURG
Originated in Esopsus, N.Y. around 1790. Thomas Jefferson's favorite apple. Dessert apple for connoisseurs. Medium sized round, conical, orangish fruit with tough skin. Has russet dots and inconspicuous stripes.   Hard, very crisp, fine grained spicy and juicy yellowish flesh. Rich, fruity, aromatic flavor with lively acidity. Dual purpose, said to make the finest pies and salads. Ripens unevenly. Hangs well into November. Quality average to good when tree ripened. Quality radically improves in storage. Best at Christmas. Stores until May.   Susceptible to fire blight, scab and canker. Tree moderately vigorous, growth habit willowy, cropping heavy. Ripens in October.

SPLENDOUR
Developed in New Zealand, parentage unknown. Discovered in 1948. Introduced in 1967. Medium to large fruit. Dull pinkish red skin with occasional russet. Firm crisp yellow flesh. Mild but distinctive sweet flavor. Lacks tartness but has crisp texture. Exceptionally long storage life. Growth habit is spreading. Once featured by Stark Brothers. Probably dropped because its appearance was not impressive enough. Tree moderately vigorous. Ripens in September.

STARR
An old timer. Introduced in 1865. Very large yellow green fruit with smooth skin and faint blush.  Yellow flesh is tender, crisp, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic. Very good in quality, especially for dessert use. Moderately vigorous tree bears at a young age. Ripens in late August.  Tree bears young, usually annually.  Season August and September.

STATE FAIR
New, cold hardy Minnesota variety. Introduced in 1979. Mantet X Oriole. Fruit is round, conic, medium sized. Fruit is brilliantly striped with reddish orange over a yellow background. Creamy flesh is firm, juicy aromatic and sweet and firmer than most early varieties. Moderately subacid flavor. Excellent for fresh eating. Keeps well for a summer apple. Somewhat susceptible to scab and mildew. Fruit ripens uniformly from early to late August. Cold Hardy.

STEARNS
One of the largest apples with superb flavor. Of rather old fashioned appearance with red stripes and a yellow background. It's flesh, although crisp to the teeth is melting and tender and almost dissolves on the tongue. Its flavor has a rich luscious pure apple taste. Good savory taste. Plenty of sweetness, acidity, & juice. Fruits up to 3" in circumference. Stearns originated with a man of that name in New York. Stearns sent the tree to the New York Testing Station in 1900. In addition to its eating qualities, Stearns is especially fine for cooking. Ripe in early to mid September.

STURDEESPUR
Bright cherry-red blush fruit. Creamy, high quality flesh. Color reaches full bright red ahead of maturity which is in the middle area of Red Delicious strains. Known for it's aromatic flavor and fresh eating quality. Spur type tree with naturally wide angles that are easy to manage. Ripens early. Not for the far north.

SUMMER ROSE
UK, Northern Spy Seedling recorded in 1806. This is an apple with singular beauty and excellence both for eating and stewing. The size is moderate, the form flat, the skin smooth of a beautiful yellow resembling yellow wax, blended with red in streaks and blotches. The flesh is sweet, sprightly, and juicy. It does not become fully ripe until August, but is an excellent stewing apple in July. The tree is spreading in form, giving good exposure to the sun and is very fruitful.

SUMMER TREAT
A cross of Mollie's Delicious from the New Jersey Experiment Station. Introduced in 1982. Fruits are large to very large, of angular, oblong-conic shape, with glossy skin blushed 70-100% brilliant red. The coarse, cream colored flesh is crisp, sweet, and good fresh from the tree when the fruitsare ripe. Fruits hang well , but lose quality quickly and become mealy if not harvested. Storage life is short. Scab susceptible.

SUNCRISP
Ripening about one week after Golden Delicious, this yellow apple will get a 0 to 40% orange-red blush. The flavor is sweet yet mildly subacid. The flesh is cream colored and not prone to browning. Fruit can be stored up to 6 months in cold storage. This is an excellent quality fruit.

SUNDOWNER
Sundowner is a new apple variety, for the U.S., that comes from the Western Australia Ag Dept Breeding Program. It is a cross between Golden Delicious and Lady Williams. The tree is described as a vigorous standard type with the growth pattern being upright with numerous spurs. It is considered precocious, sets well and will size a heavy crop. Possibly slightly biennial. The fruit is a distinctive attractive red with white lenticels. Color varies according to exposure. Flesh is white, crisp, juicy and very sweet. May be best suited for those areas with a long growing season. A very good keeper with a long shelf life, also has not been detected to have storage scald.

SUNRISE
Yellow-Red fruit. Unique pear-grape flavor. Good eating apple, ripens midseason. Hardy to -40 degrees. Canadian origin. Patented.

SUNTAN
UK, 1956. A new late dessert apple raised in England in 1955 by Dr Alston of East Malling Research Station. Cox's Orange Pippin x Court Pendu Plat. It is a good late dessert apple, later than Cox's, with a very acid Cox-like flavor. Handsome, robustly aromatic, rich, sweet, masses of pineapple- like acidity. It is a triploid. Flesh yellowish-cream. Firm and fairly juicy. Flesh rather coarsely textured, crisp. The trees are very vigorous and for the small garden, should be grafted onto dwarfing rootstock. Produces spurs freely. The cropping is good. Pick in mid October. Can be too sharp in November, best kept until Dec or Jan.

SUPERCHIEF SPUR RED DELICIOUS
Sandage strain. May be the best red sport of Red Delicious. Starts out as a stripe and fills in to a solid red a full ten days ahead of its parent. Heavy producing tree provides large, typey white fleshed fruit. Ripens in early September.

SUTTON BEAUTY
Also known as Sutton or Steele's Red Winter. May be a seedling of Hubbardston. It's uniform and symmetrical shape, beautiful color and pleasant quality makes it an excellent dessert apple. Too mild for culinary use. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, good to very good.

SWAAR
Medium in size and truncate in shape, the pale greenish gold skin is covered with small patches of netted russet and the entire surface is covered with prominent russet dots. The skin is rough and tough and becomes greasy when stored. The creamy white flesh is firm textured with a sweet and aromatic flavor and the flavor will improve with storage. It ripens in October.

SWEET DELICIOUS
Originated in New York. Introduced in 1911. ( Deacon Jones x Delicious) Large, greenish yellow fruit, flushed reddish-orange with red streaks. Firm, fine, creamy white, melting flesh. Very sweet with an aromatic flavor. Excellent keeper. Medium-large tree. Ripens late.

SWEET WINESAP
An attractive red winter apple, symmetrical, uniform, of good medium size, or under favorable conditions, rather large. It is excellent in quality for dessert or for baking or other culinary uses. Skin tough, smooth, pale yellow or greenish nearly overspread with bright light red with carmine stripes. Flesh nearly white, firm, rather fine, moderately crisp, tender, juicy, distinctly sweet, good to very good. In season from November to April.

SWISS LIMBERTWIG
A very beautiful apple of most unusual color of purplish maroon with dots, medium in size, very good apple for fresh eating. A real beauty for the commercial grower. This apple is named Swiss Limbertwig because it was grown by early settlers in the Cumberland Mountains.

TALLOW PIPPIN
Also known as Lowell and Greasy Pippin. Fruit rather large. Clear yellow with waxy surface. Flesh a little coarse, very juicy, sprightly, subacid, and desirable for either dessert or culinary uses. It is apt to drop as it ripens. The tree is a good cropper but is sometimes biennial. It's season extends from late August to October and under favorable conditions a portion of the fruit may be kept till winter.

THOME EMPIRE
Sport of Empire that colors to a deep burgundy three weeks earlier than standard Empire.  Other characteristics the same. Non-spur tree. Discovered at Thome Farms in Michigan.

TIOGA
A seedling of Sutton's Beauty and Northern Spy from the Geneva Station, equal in quality to Newtown Pippin, but always of large size and always producing a good crop. Yellow skinned late apple of highest dessert quality. Does not keep in storage as long as Newtown Pippin.

TOKO
Golden Delicious x Indo from the Aomori Research Station, Japan. Introduced in 1963. Fruit is conic oblate, irregular and ribbed. This skin has a dull, rough finish and rather unattractive color, yellow-green with brownish-orange blush. The flesh is greenish yellow, firm, crisp, aromatic and slightly subacid. Flavor and keeping quality are excellent. Medium to large fruit ripens late October.

TOLMAN SWEET
USA, prior to 1822. Skin pale, yellow, sometimes flushed, russet lines. Small to medium uniform fruit has white, very sweet, hard flesh. Long lived, very hardy tree is early to bear and productive. Once again in favor for it's naturally sweet applesauce - no sugar needed. Probably the best late sweet apple. Ripens in October.

TSUGARU
Japan, 1975. (Open pollinated Golden Delicious) 75% red over color on yellow background. Medium sized, mid- season maturing fruit. Resembles Golden Delicious, but firmer fleshed. Weakly flavored, sweet-tart, crisp and juicy. Tree is spreading, moderately vigorous with annual cropping. Ripens late October.

TUMANGA   (AURALIA)
Germany, raised in 1930. A cross of Cox's Orange Pippin and Schoner von Nordhausen. Resembles Cox's Orange Pippin. Yellow with an orange blush, very juicy, pleasantly aromatic, sweet, mildly subacid, a strong grower and regular bearer. A good keeper, its flavor heightens as it is kept in storage until March. If you have ever cursed the leather like skin of store bought apples, Tumanga is for you, also for cooks who don't peel apples, for denture wearers and for true gourmets. The skin is so tender that it fools us by its distinctive yellow color and orange flush. Tumanga is flat and irregular and looks like a designer nightmare. One article says," must be picked with uncalloused hands." Ripens mid October.

TURLEY WINESAP
Open pollinated seedling of Stayman Winesap.   Round, dull red fruit. Triploid. Resembles Stayman, but is more crack resistant and eating quality is not as good.   Stores well. Ripens in early October. Originated in Indiana.

VIRGINIA GREENING
A large, oblate, yellowish-green apple with hard, firm flesh. Valued as a late keeper. Flesh creamy yellow or greenish, very firm, hard, breaking, coarse, moderately juicy, mild, subacid becoming somewhat sweet, fair to good. Season February to June.

WALTER PEASE
A pleasant flavored apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent dessert quality, too mild for culinary purposes. Fruits striped red, crisp. Ripens unevenly. The earliest fruit comes in season late Sept. later fruit can remain sound to mid winter. Moderate vigor, good for dessert. Doesn't keep too well.

WANTAGE
A favorite for fresh eating. It is said to have 4 or 5 separate distinct flavors and aromas. It is a fall apple and should be picked with McIntosh. Yellow, conical, medium sized apple.

WASHED RUSSET
A very large russet apple discovered by Conrad Gemmer. This apple's markings and shadings of yellow and bronze russet with patches of clear shiny skin gave it the appearance of having been washed. It has crisp juicy flavorful flesh useful for dessert or culinary purposes and is a heavy, consistent bearer. It sometimes develops a pronounced reddish brown cheek when exposed to the sun.

WAYNE
Developed by New York Experiment Station, introduced in 1951. A cross of NW Greening and Red Spy. Fruit is large, solidly blushed and washed light scarlet.  Excellent for sauce, or eaten fresh, and for desserts and salads. Tree is upright and spreading, late blooming.

WILLIAM'S PRIDE
Released in 1988. Fruit is medium in size slightly conic in shape with a rich aromatic flavor. Apples are 70-80% red with excellent eating quality.   It has inbred resistance to apple scab and cedar apple rust. Good resistance to fireblight and powdery mildew. Stores about 1 month in refrigeration. Proven in zones 5 & 6. Ripens late July or early August or about 7 weeks before Delicious.

WINSTON
UK, 1920. Introduced in 1935. Cox Orange Pippin x Worcester Pearmain. Originally called "Winter King". A late keeping, high quality dessert apple. Size medium to small. Ground color greenish yellow, 1/4 to 3/4 flushed dull purplish red, with broad, broken stripes. In a good season, color can be bright and attractive. Shape round-conical to oblong-conical. Flesh creamy white. Firm, fine-textured , juicy,rich, and sweet, with good aromatic flavor. Quite like Cox but sharper. Tree moderately vigorous, produces spurs freely. Ripens mid October.

WINTER BANANA
USA, Indiana. Introduced in 1890. Strikingly beautiful, large apple. Pale yellow, waxy finish; one side usually blushed with delicate rosy pink. Flesh sweet, scented, juicy & melting. Distinctive aromatic flavor similar to bananas. Better for eating than for cooking, too mild. Favorite for cider. Keeps till March. Medium size vigorous tree bears young and annually. Medium to heavy crops. Ripens late October.

WINTERSTEIN
Burbank, California, 1901. A Gravenstein seedling, much later in season, selected by Luther Burbank. Crisp, subacid, flavorful; attractive, pink/red late apple.

WISMER'S DESSERT
Canadian winter apple introduced in 1897. Fruit medium to large yellow shaded and striped with bright red. Beautiful Spitzenburg-red with yellow flesh. Aromatic flavor. Intense, rich flavor, sweet-sharp, pineapple acidity. Flesh mild subacid, of excellent flavor and exceedingly fine, tender texture. Very hardy, vigorous and productive.

WOLF RIVER
USA, Wisconsin. Recorded in 1875. Likely a seedling of Alexander. Large in size, dark red flushed and ribbed at the eye and on the body. It is roundish shaped with a pale yellow skin that is nearly covered with a bright red flush and red stripes. There is russet on the base and russet dots over most of the surface. The creamy white flesh is soft, juicy, tender and mealy with a subacid flavor. Becomes greasy when stored. Slow to begin bearing. good for cooking and for drying. Resistant to diseases. Ripens in late August to mid September.

WYKEN PIPPIN
Rather old variety from England well known there by the late 1700's. Small, flattened, greenish yellow fruit. Brisk, densely fruity taste of Golden Pippin type. Among top dozen garden varieties in 1883. Delicious flavor. Vigorous, hardy, upright tree. Prolific. Ripens in November or December.

YATAKA
A new early maturing Fuji. Discovered as a limb sport of Fuji in Japan. Has been reported to mature 10 to 15 days ahead of Fuji in Washington State and up to 30 days ahead in Arkansas. Tree habit and vigor similar to Fuji. Fruit quality and color identical to standard Fuji.

ZABERGAU REINETTE
Originated in Germany, introduced in 1885. The largest of the russet apples with crisp white flesh and an even gold-brown russet skin. Flavor is sometimes described as rich and nutty .  Recommended among varieties tested.   A huge apple and a sight on a dwarf tree. Ripens late winter.